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Unit 2: Applying Ecological Principles

Sheep graze on pastureland in Heber Valley, Utah. (Bob Nichols, USDA NRCS)

In situations where the pasture or rangeland ecosystem is degraded in some way, land managers may need to take steps to improve the soil and plant community. If the pasture already has adequate stands of desirable grass and legume species, it is likely that only minor improvements are needed, which could include proper grazing management and rest periods, fertilization, and better weed control. If the pasture is particularly stressed or consists largely of undesirable species, then more intensive measures should be taken to improve the soil and establish vigorous stands of new species that can support healthy livestock. Ranch managers need to weigh the costs of undertaking this level of improvement against the long-term benefits of increased productivity and potential profits. The alternative chosen will depend on the quality of the present vegetative cover, livestock enterprise, use for the pasture, and forage needs.